Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Ummah, Locality, and In Between: Muslim-American Perspectives on Societal Membership

Page Range: 141 – 152
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.10.3-4.7066j46167331300
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The concept of the ummah has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years from scholars attempting to “make sense” of Muslim political identities in the West. Muslims in Western societies, it has been argued, increasingly place themselves in a global imagined community of Muslims that transcends the boundaries of nationality and ethnicity. Other scholars, however, argue that the ummah appeals only to a small segment of Muslims, and that most Muslims in the West are primarily interested in participating in local and national political systems. This article explores these diverging interpretations and illustrates how Muslim minorities might, in fact, position themselves simultaneously as members of different imagined communities. The analysis draws on interviews with a small group of Muslim activists in the United States who were participants in a larger study of Arab-origin activists in the United States and Britain. While not intended to be representative of Arab Americans or Muslim Americans, my conversations with these individuals shed light on the complex ways that Muslims think about societal membership in both global and local terms. This paper concludes by considering the diverse ways participants in this study (Muslim and otherwise) speak about the relationship between religion and politics, and by urging a more complicated understanding of the individual political subjectivity of minority groups.

Au courant des dernières années, nombre de chercheurs se sont intéressés au concept de la oumma, tentant de saisir le sens des identités politiques musulmanes en Occident. Les musulmans dans les sociétés occidentales, affirme-tils, se positionnent davantage dans une communauté mondiale imaginée de musulmans qui dépasse les frontières de la nationalité ou de l'ethnicité. Cependant, d'autres chercheurs avancent que la oumma n'attire qu'un petit nombre de musulmans, et que la plupart des musulmans en Occident souhaitent avant tout participer aux systèmes politiques locaux et nationaux. Cet article analyse ces interprétations divergentes et illustre comment les minorités musulmanes pourraient, en fait, se positionner simultanément dans plusieurs communautés imaginées. L'analyse repose sur des interviews menées auprès d'un petit nombre de militants musulmans aux États-Unis, qui participèrent à une étude plus importante sur des militants d'origine arabe aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne. Bien que ne prétendant pas être représentatif de l'ensemble de la communauté arabo-américaine ou des musulmans américains, mes entretiens avec ces personnes ont éclairé la complexité des relations entretenues par les musulmans avec la société, tant aux plans local que global. En conclusion, ce travail examine comment les participants à cette étude, musulmans ou non, parlent de la relation existant entre religion et politique, et exhorte à une connaissance plus complexe des subjectivités individuelles des groupes minoritaires.

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