Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 03 Mar 2011

Spanish Women's Travel Narratives in Colonial Morocco, 1900-36: Reconsidering Their Imagined Geographies

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Page Range: 47 – 56
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.11.1-2.h0nk36556581lrh2
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The intersections between literature, travel, and geography have shown us that travel narratives are descriptions not merely of geographical itineraries but of a complex topography of alterity that was neither neutral nor innocent. At the same time, post-colonial and feminist revisions of the imperial period show that the relation between West and East was one of power based on a very androcentric positioning. After the loss of Spain's last colonies in 1898, Spanish foreign policy reoriented its overseas colonial strategies to focus on Morocco. In consequence, “interest” in this region increased dramatically, and many travellers wrote of their experiences there. Within the study period (1900-36) we have counted about 60 male travellers but only four women. For our discussion in this article we have chosen two of those women - Carmen de Burgos and Aurora Bertrana - because of their outstanding personalities and pioneering roles in the Spanish society. Their imagined geographies clearly illuminated Spanish travel writings from a gender perspective and question the notion of simple Othering, as presented in Said's Orientalism, in which the heterogeneity of colonial power is neglected.

Les rencontres entre littérature, voyage et géographie ont montré que les récits de voyage ne sont pas de simples descriptions d'itinéraires géographiques mais celles d'une topographie complexe d altérité qui n est ni neutre, ni innocente. Simultanément, les lectures coloniales et féministes de la période impériale montrent que la relation entre l Occident et l Orient est une relation de pouvoir ancrée dans des postures androcentriques. Après la perte des dernières colonies espagnoles en 1898, la politique étrangère espagnole a réorienté ses stratégies coloniales outremer pour se concentrer sur le Maroc. Par conséquence, « l'intérêt » pour cette région a dramatiquement augmenté et de nombreux voyageurs ont écrit sur leurs expériences dans ce pays. Pour la période 1900-1936 nous avons inventorié environ 60 auteurs masculins et seulement quatre femmes. Pour l analyse présentée dans cet article, nous avons choisi deux de ces femmes, Carmen de Burgos et Aurora Bertrana, remarquables pour leur personnalité hors du commun et leur rôle de pionnière dans la société espagnole. Leurs géographies imaginaires ont éclairé la place du genre dans les récits de voyages espagnols et remettent en question la notion d'altérité simple présentée dans L Orientalisme d Edward Said en négligeant l hétérogénéité du pouvoir colonial.

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