Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Spatial Patterns and Distribution of Disasters in the OIC Member Countries

Page Range: 1 – 18
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.12.1-2.8tm7855238u72363
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Member countries of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) are exposed to a large number of natural and technological hazards, and many characteristics of these countries make them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of these hazards. As a result, most of the OIC member countries are among the most disaster-prone areas of the world and have experienced a significant number of disasters, human casualties, and economic losses during the past century. While studies have been done to map and describe the patterns of disasters at international and country levels, little research has examined disaster patterns and their distributions at the OIC level. A better understanding of such patterns and trends could help these countries to enhance mutual learning and sharing of experiences by creating common institutional frameworks. Hazard and disaster mapping is a critical step in determining the risk to populations, infrastructure, and economic activities. This article reviews and maps disasters and their human impacts in the OIC countries over the past 110 years, using the EM-DAT database, to create some pictures of similarities and differences in disaster impacts to facilitate collective actions. The main aims of the article are (1) to provide a comprehensive review of disaster events in the OIC countries using existing data sources, and (2) to map and visualize disaster events in the OIC countries in order to provide some insights into the spatial distribution of disasters among these countries and develop a common framework for collective disaster-management efforts.

Les États membres de l'Organisation de la conférence islamique (OCI) sont confrontés à un grand nombre de risques naturels et technologiques, et certaines caractéristiques de ces pays les rendent particulièrement vulnérables aux effets de ces risques. La plupart des États membres de l'OCI font partie des régions les plus affectées par les désastres et, au siècle dernier, ont souffert d'un nombre important de catastrophes, de victimes et de pertes économiques. Cet article passe en revue et cartographie les catastrophes et analyse leurs impacts humains dans les pays de l'OCI durant les cent-dix dernières années en utilisant la base de données EM-DAT pour décrire les similitudes et les différences concernant l'impact des risques et pour faciliter les actions collectives. Les principaux objectifs de cet article sont 1) de fournir une vue d'ensemble des catastrophes ayant touché les pays de l'OCI en utilisant les bases de données existantes et 2) de cartographier et de visualiser les catastrophes dans ces pays pour apporter une compréhension de la distribution spatiale des catastrophes les ayant affectés et pour développer un cadre commun pour la mise en place de moyens de gestion collective des désastres.

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