Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Climate Insecurity: The Challenge for Malaysia and the Developing Countries of Southeast Asia

Page Range: 36 – 50
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.12.1-2.k6842u01u66273h6
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The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report on the physical science basis of climate change shows a small increase in temperature (∼0.3°C) and rainfall (∼3 %) for the Southeast Asia region in the last decade or so; however, there is a general understanding that the changing behavioural patterns of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), monsoon, and, to a certain extent, the Indian Dipole Oscillation circulation systems are triggering weather extremes and variability that will influence changing behavioural patterns of hydrometeorological and geomorphological events in many parts of this region. In addition, Malaysia and Southeast Asia are increasingly threatened (directly or indirectly) by low-pressure atmospheric cells that develop in the South Indian Ocean (cyclones) and the Pacific—South China Sea regions (typhoons). The impacts of these changes can still be absorbed by the strong foundations of Malaysia's environmental management programs, backed by stringent economic policies including effective poverty-eradication and food-production programs. However, it must be understood that environmental policies address only the threat of environmental change and not the threat of climate change specifically; in the long term, the impact scenario would generally diverge, and the resilience of Malaysia and the other countries in the region to the threat of climate change would generally decrease while their vulnerability increases. Climate change can be expected to have an especially dramatic impact on low-income economic systems, as such systems are very dependent on ecosystem resources and conditions such as those associated with coastal fishing, rural agriculture, urban commerce, and many forms of rural cottage industries. For Malaysia and many countries of Southeast Asia, this could compromise the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Climate change could also trigger national and international distributional conflicts and intensify problems that are already hard to manage in this region (inter- and intra-regional conflicts).

Le rapport sur la base scientifique du changement Climatique du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC) de 2007 montre une augmentation modeste des températures (environ 0,3°C) et des précipitations (environ 3 %) pour l'Asie du Sud-Est durant la dernière décennie. Cependant, il y a un consensus autour du changement des comportements de l'oscillation australe d'El Niño, des moussons et dans une certain mesure, des systèmes de circulation de l oscillation dipôle de l'Océan indien. Ces changements induisent des conditions météorologiques extrêmes et des variations qui influenceront les comportements des évènements hydrométéorologiques et géomorphologiques dans de nombreuses parties de cette région. De plus, la Malaisie et l Asie du Sud-Est sont directement ou indirectement de plus en plus menacées par des cellules de basse pression qui évoluent par la suite en cyclones dans l Océan indien méridional et en typhons dans les régions du Pacifique et de la Mer de Chine méridionale. Les conséquences de ces changements climatiques peuvent encore être résorbées par la solidité des programmes malaisiens de gestion de l environnement, soutenus par de rigoureuses mesures économiques, y compris des programmes efficaces d éradication de la pauvreté et d'encouragement de la production alimentaire. Les changements climatiques devraient avoir un impact particulièrement fort sur les systèmes économiques à faibles revenus, car ces systèmes dépendent des ressources de l écosystème et des conditions associées à la pêche côtière, l'agriculture en milieu rural, le commerce urbain et aux nombreuses formes d artisanat rural. Pour la Malaisie et pour de nombreux pays de l Asie du Sud-Est, ils pourraient compromettre la réalisation des Objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD). Les changements climatiques pourraient également provoquer des conflits nationaux et internationaux autour de la distribution et envenimer des problèmes déjà difficiles à gérer dans cette région, comme les conflits interrégionaux et infrarégionaux.

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