Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Land-Use Change and Climate-Change Patterns of the Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia

,
,
,
,
, and
Page Range: 51 – 61
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.12.1-2.l2p14j2833g2q4l7
Save
Download PDF

The study area is located in the southern part of the Cameron Highlands region of Malaysia, at longitude 101°20′ to 101°35′ E and latitude 4°19′ to 4°31′ N. This study was conducted to determine land-use categories, the percentage of land-use changes, and their impact on the Bertam River catchment by reference to 1984, 1995, and 2002 land-use maps. At least six categories of land use were noted during the 18-year observation period: forests (reduced by 7 615 ha from 1984 to 2002), tea farms (reduced by 657 ha), bodies of water (reduced by 61 ha), urbanization (increased by 125 ha), agriculture (increased by 2 488 ha), and neglected areas (increased by 5 719 ha). Four climatic parameters—rainfall, evaporation, temperature, and relative humidity—were analyzed, and a total of 18 hydrological sampling stations were identified along the Bertam River. The results show that the Bertam River catchment was influenced by climate patterns. The velocity and discharge of the Bertam River at the first sampling point ranged from 0.33 m/s and 0.079 m3/s to 0.90 m/s and 2.619 m3/s; at the second sampling point, they ranged from from 0.38 m/s and 0.096 m3/s to 1.44 m/s and 2.709 m3/s. Based on two sets of data, flow volume for the Bertam and Lemoi Rivers increased synchronously via increased rainfall patterns from 1970 to 2005 and from 1985 to 1995 respectively. The cause of the sedimentation observed was soil erosion resulting from logging, urbanization, and the construction of new roads near the river. Overall, studies show that the Bertam River is heavily silted, especially after passing through settlement areas.

La région étudiée se situe dans la partie méridionale de la région des hauts plateaux Cameron Highlands en Malaisie (longitude : de 101°20′ à 101°35′ E et latitude : de 4°19′ à 4°31′ N). Cette étude a été conduite pour déterminer les catégories d'utilisation des sols, le pourcentage de modification dans l'utilisation des sols et leur impact sur le bassin-versant de la rivière Bertam en se référeant aux cartes d'utilisation des sols de 1984, 1995 et 2002. Au moins six catégories d'utilisation des sols ont été suivies sur une période de 18 ans : forêts (réduction de 7615 ha entre 1984 et 2002), plantations de thé (réduction de 657 ha), plans d'eau (réduction de 61 ha), urbanisation (augmentation de 125 ha), agriculture (augmentation de 2488 ha) et espaces en friche (augmentation de 5719 ha). Quatre paramètres climatiques ont été analysés — précipitation, évaporation, température et humidité relative — issus de 18 stations de relevés hydrologiques le long de la rivière Bertam. Les résultats montrent que le bassinversant de la rivière est influencé par les caractéristiques climatiques particulières. La vitesse et le débit de la rivière, au premier point de mesure varient de 0,33 m/s et 0,079 m3/s à 0,90 m/s et 2,619 m3/s; au deuxième point, ils varient de 0,38 m/s et 0,096 m3/s à 1,44 m/s et 2,709 m3/s. D'après les deux séries de données disponibles, le volume d'écoulement des rivières Bertam et Lemoi a augmenté simultanément augmenté avec l augmentation des précipitations de 1970 à 2005 respectivement de 1985 à 1995. De manière générale, les études montrent que la rivière Bertam se charge de sédiments, en particulièrement après avoir traversé des régions habitées.

Ariff, M. M.. 2009. Robust farming threatening Malaysia's biggest hill station. Regional Environmental Awareness Cameron Highlands. http://envdevmalaysia.word-press.com/2009/02/18/cameron highlands. http://envdevmalaysia.word-press.com/2009/02/18/cameron highlands

Bedient, P. B., Huber, W. C, and Vieux, B. E. 2008. Hydrology and floodplain analysis, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Che Ngah, M. S. Y., Marzuki, M., and Ishak, A. J.. 2001. Pembangunan tanah tinggi Cameron: impak alam sekitar dan pengurusannya. Dlm. Jamaluddin Md, Jahi & Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor (pnyt.). Proceedings of the National Seminar on Environmental Management: Current development and future planning. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 361-69.

Choy, F. K. and Hamzah, F. B. 2001. Cameron Highlands hydroelectric scheme: Landuse change—impacts and issues. In Hydropower in the new millennium, ed. B. Honnigsvåg et al., 215-21. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.

Clarkson, J. D. 1968. The cultural ecology of a Chinese village: Cameron Highlands, Malaysia (Research paper no. 114). Chicago: Department of Geography, University of Chicago.

Gasim, M. B., Sahid, I., Ekhwan, M. T., Pereira, J. J., Mokhtar, M., and Abdullah, M. P. 2009. Integrated water resource management and pollution sources in Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5:725-32.

Graf, W. L. 2006. Downstream hydrologic and geomorphic effects of large dams on American rivers. Geomorphology 79:336-60.

Ibrahim, M. Z. 2004. Ke Arah Pembentukan Pengurusan Bersepadu Pembangunan Tanah Tinggi Cameron Highlands Melalui Pemakaian Akta Perancangan Bandar Dan Desa 1976. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

McCuen, R. H. 2003. Modeling hydrologic change: Statistical methods. Boca Raton, Florida: Lewis Publishers.

Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R., and Blair, R. 1995. Environmental and economic costs of soil erosion and conservation benefits. Science 267:1117-23.

Teoh, T. H. 2005. Massive silting forces TNB to switch off power stations. Regional Environmental Awareness Cameron Highlands. http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2005/3/14/nation/10412270&sec=nation= http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2005/3/14/nation/10412270&sec=nation=

Wellmeyer, J. L., Slattery, M. C., and Phillips, J. D. 2005. Quantifying downstream impacts of impoundment on flow regime and channel planform, lower Trinity River, Texas. Geomorphology 69:1-13.

  • Download PDF