Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Assessing Development in the Islamic World: An Alternative Approach

Page Range: 76 – 86
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.12.1-2.6p845200n1721170
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Around the globe, 48 countries on three continents make up the Islamic states of the world, each experiencing variable levels of development and characterized by different indicators. For example, whereas Albania has an infant mortality rate lower than that of the United States, nearly 16% of infants born in Afghanistan do not survive their first year of life. In Kazakhstan, almost 100% of girls anticipate attending school for 16 years, but in Guinea-Bissau only about one-quarter will attend, for an average of four years. And in Bangladesh, eight out of 10 people live on less than US$2 a day, while in Iran only eight out of 100 do so. These measures offer descriptions and contrasts of Islamic societies vis-à-vis the character of their populations; they also provide a valuable alternative to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI), which largely ignores important factors associated with female educational achievement and infant mortality (in addition to other phenomena). This article suggests that a new approach, based on an assessment of eight key demographic variables, can facilitate geographical literacy in the classroom as well as providing insight to decision makers and analysts engaged in both development and conflict resolution.

Quarante-huit États musulmans sont répartis sur trois continents et ont chacun leur niveau de développement propre et des scores spécifiques pour différents indicateurs, Par exemple, alors que l'Albanie a un taux de mortalité infantile inférieur à celui des États-Unis, près de 16% des nouveau-nés en Afghanistan ne vivent pas audelà de leur première année. Au Kazakhstan, presque 100% des filles iront à l'école pendant 16 ans, alors qu'en Guinée-Bissau un quart seulement le feront, et pour une moyenne de quatre ans. Au Bangladesh, huit personnes sur dix disposent de moins de 2 dollars américains par jour pour vivre, alors qu'en Iran, c'est le cas de seulement huit personnes sur 100. Ces statistiques illustrent les situations et les contrastes des sociétés musulmanes selon les caractéristiques de leurs populations; elles peuvent utilement remplacer l'Indice de développement humain (IDH) proposé par l'Organisation des Nations Unies, qui passe sous silence certains facteurs importants telles les performances éducatives féminines et la mortalité infantile, ainsi que d'autres phénomènes. Cet article propose qu'une nouvelle approche, basée sur une évaluation de huit variables démographiques clés, facilitera l'apprentissage de la géographie en classe et contribuera à la compréhension des preneurs de décisions et des analystes chargés du développement et de la résolution de conflits.

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