Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

The Truman Doctrine in Greece and Turkey: America's Cold War Fusion of Development and Security

Page Range: 50 – 66
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.13.1.d21725470tp75466
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Delivered as a speech to a joint session of Congress in March 1947, the Truman Doctrine was the decisive public statement of America's initial posture in an emergent Cold War era. Emphasizing the perceived need of all nationstates to achieve political and economic stability as a prerequisite to living “free from coercion,” Truman's words were interpreted by many supporters and by most critics as America's universal pledge to foster geopolitical security through the application of foreign assistance. Based on a critical reading both of the text itself as it evolved and of archival records from the conception of the program through its preliminary administration, this article examines the Truman Doctrine in terms of the post-World War II contexts of Greece and Turkey—the West's perceived gateways to the Middle East. In so doing, it identifies and evaluates recovery aid in these countries as the genesis of American's inextricable linking of humanitarian and security policy making in the developing world and conveys a critical geopolitics perspective on the assistance-security amalgamation that defined Cold War sensibilities.

Prononcée lors d'un discours à une session commune du Congrès américain en mars 1947, la Doctrine Truman énonça publiquement la position initiale des états-Unis au moment de l'émergence de la Guerre froide. Elle soulignait la nécessité des états-nations de réaliser une stabilité politique et économique afin de vivre « en dehors de toute contrainte ». Les paroles de Truman avaient été interprétées, à la fois par ses nombreux partisans et par la plupart des ses critiques, comme la promesse universelle des états-Unis d'oeuvrer pour la sécurité géopolitique grâce à l'assistance accordée aux pays étrangers. Basé sur une lecture critique du texte lui-même et de son évolution ainsi que sur des archives sur la conception de ce programme par ses premiers administrateurs, cet article examine la Doctrine Truman dans le contexte de l'après-guerre en Grèce et en Turquie, deux pays perçus comme les portes du Moyen-Orient par les Occidentaux. Ce faisant, il identifie et évalue l'aide de reconstruction accordée à ces pays comme le point de départ du lien inextricable tissé par les états-Unis entre les politiques humanitaire et sécuritaire dans les pays en voie de développement. Il propose une lecture géopolitique critique sur l'amalgame entre assistance et sécurité, qui façonna les sensibilités de la Guerre froide.

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