Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 12 Apr 2011

Interpreting Cyclone Disasters in Bangladesh and Myanmar from Web-Based Newspaper Discourse: Media Framing of Cyclone Vulnerability on the Bay of Bengal Coast

Page Range: 1 – 32
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.14.1.qur40813057p74wp
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Based on discourse analysis of 226 Web-based newspaper reports on three major cyclones in the Bay of Bengal—Gorky (1991), Sidr (2007), and Nargis (2008)—this study assesses a number of research assumptions dealing with media framing of cyclone vulnerability on the Bay of Bengal coast. Using a social constructionist perspective, the content of each report is classified into several segments, each providing data on how the selected newspapers framed certain aspects of the disaster news. Frequency counts of these themes provide specific data for assessing several research paradigms. Newspaper discourse was replete with references to a set of socio-economic variables as elements of risk, such as an impoverished population, marginal locations in low-lying topographic settings, poor-quality housing, and a risk-prone subsistence economy, as the context for cyclone vulnerability on the Bay of Bengal coast. Data obtained from discourse analysis also provide evidence of cyclone victims' vulnerability due to logistical problems with relief operations, contributing an element of uncertainty with respect to disaster aid. Broader disaster-management policies, particularly cyclone preparedness and availability of cyclone shelters, appear to have been a significant factor in saving lives during Sidr, as opposed to the catastrophic losses from Gorky and Nargis due to the inadequacy or lack of such policies. Further, in conformance with the social amplification risk framework (SARF), some of the reports incorporated symbolic news to portray the cyclone vulnerability of the poor.

Cette étude est basée sur une analyse du discours contenu dans 226 articles publiés dans des quotidiens accessibles sur la Toile, portant sur trois cyclones importants dans la Baie du Bengale: Gorky (1991), Sidr (2007) et Nargis (2008). Elle permet d'évaluer plusieurs hypothèses de recherche sur le cadrage médiatique de la vulnérabilité aux cyclones des côtes de la Baie du Bengale. En employant l'approche du constructivisme social, le contenu de chaque article a été classé en plusieurs segments, fournissant par là des données sur la manière dont les quotidiens sélectionnés traitaient certains aspects de l'information sur ces catastrophes naturelles. La fréquence des thèmes rencontrés a fourni des données précises pour évaluer plusieurs hypothèses de recherche. Le discours journalistique contient de nombreuses références à une série de variables socioéconomiques perçues comme des éléments de risque dans le contexte de la vulnérabilité des cotes de la Baie du Bengale aux cyclones: une population appauvrie, une situation marginale dans des régions topographiquement basses, des logements de mauvaise qualité et une économie de subsistance sensible aux risques. Les données obtenues de cette analyse montrent également que la vulnérabilité des victimes des cyclones est à mettre en relation avec les problèmes logistiques liées aux opérations de secours, ajoutant un élément aléatoire supplémentaire. La mise en place de plans d'urgence plus généraux, en particulier une préparation aux effets possibles de cyclones et la disponibilité d'abris résistants, ont été des facteurs important qui ont sauvé des vies pendant Sidr ; ceci contraste avec les pertes catastrophiques provoquées par Gorky et Nargis, dûes à l'inefficacité ou l'absence de tels plans. En accord avec la théorie de l'amplification sociale des risques, certains articles ont contenu de l'information symbolique pour représenter la vulnérabilité aux cyclones des catégories les plus pauvres.

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