Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 12 Apr 2011

Bangladesh: From Basket Case to Showcase–An Essay on the Geography of Development

Page Range: 49 – 71
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.14.1.t11p50j0g7jq2067
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This article examines various geographic aspects of contemporary socio-economic development and its environmental impact in Bangladesh. The author outlines the political and economic geography of Bangladesh from the perspective of geography of space within the framework of neo-classical economics. The study outlines the spatial pattern of economic activities that correspond to a particular configuration of state, society, and economy between the colonial past and the present structural changes in Bangladesh's economy. An analysis of the geography of development identifies seven interrelated aspects of geography that affect the socio-economic development of a country: location, climate, population, resource base, access to the sea, agricultural productivity, and prevalence of disease. The remainder of the paper illustrates the interaction of these criteria in the context of development/underdevelopment in Bangladesh. A description of the physical geography of Bangladesh in terms of location, fertile land, climate, and access to the sea suggests that the country has a window of opportunity for development, but the combination of a large and growing population with a small geographic area and limited natural resources poses a serious challenge to development. The author concludes that since the reinstitution of democratic government in 1991, Bangladesh—despite several obstacles to development—has been making considerable progress. While the path to progress is consistent, the rate of progress needs to increase to improve the lives of the country's millions of underprivileged households.

Cet article examine plusieurs aspects géographiques du développement socioéconomique contemporain au Bangladesh et de son impact environnemental. L'auteur ébauche la géographie politique et économique de ce pays dans le cadre d'une approche néoclassique de l'économie. L'étude esquisse la distribution spatiale des activités économiques correspondant à la configuration spécifique de l'État, de la société et de l'économie, entre le passé colonial et les transformations structurelles contemporaines de l'économie bengalie. Une analyse de la géographie du développement identifie sept variables qui interagissent et qui affectent le développement socio-économique d'un pays: situation, climat, population, ressources, accès à la mer, productivité agricole, la prévalence de maladies. La suite de l'article éclaire l'interaction entre ces critères dans le contexte du développement et du sous-développement du Bangladesh. Une description de la géographie physique du pays selon la situation, les terres agricoles, le climat et l'accès à la mer, suggère que le pays bénéficie d'un moment favorable pour son développement, bien qu'une population importante en croissance sur un petit territoire combinée à des ressources naturelles limitées pose un sérieux défi. L'auteur conclut que depuis le rétablissement d'un gouvernement démocratique en 1991, le Bangladesh—malgré des entraves à son développement— a fait des progrès considérables. Bien qu'ils soient consistants, leur rythme devrait s'accélérer afin d'améliorer les conditions de vie de millions de foyers défavorisés du pays.

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