Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Jan 2012

The Southern Palestine Bedouin Tribes and British Mandate Relations, 1917– 48: Resistance to Colonialism

Page Range: 305 – 335
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.14.4.3257233388705445
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It is usually claimed that the Naqab Bedouin were passive and silent and that they posed no threat, agency, or resistance to the British Mandate—a simplistic and poorly supported characterization of a more complex and nuanced relationship. The author maintains that the Bedouins' violent and political resistance to British governance peaked during the Great Revolt (1936–39) and that they played an important administrative role in managing Palestine's southern district, since without their influence in securing the borders of the colonial state and their substantial organizational role in Beersheba, the Mandate could have not survived in a region dominated by a powerful Bedouin tribal society. Findings from British and Israeli archives and from in-depth interviews conducted between 2007 and 2010 in the Naqab (southern Israel) with key individuals from the Beersheba Bedouin community, and in the United Kingdom with British Mandate officials, suggest that between 1917 and 1948 the Bedouin resisted the British authorities through various forms and mechanisms. Bedouin agency and resistance during this era are shown to have been much more substantial than previously understood. By resisting the colonial state, the Bedouin played a significant role in southern Palestine, despite strong attempts by the colonial state to control and influence them.

Il est généralement prétendu que les Bédouins du Naqab furent passifs et silencieux, et qu'ils ne constituèrent pas une menace pour le Mandat britannique, ni ne lui offrirent une résistance — une description simpliste et peu étayée de relations bien plus complexes et nuancées. L'auteur montre que la résistance politique et violente des Bédouins au gouvernement britannique connut son apogée pendant la Grande Révolte (1936–39) et qu'ils ont joué un rôle administratif important dans la gestion du district méridional de la Palestine. Sans leur influence pour contrôler les frontières de l'État colonial et leur rôle organisationnel à Beersheba, le Mandat aurait échoué dans une région dominée par une puissante société tribale bédouine. Les résultats basés sur des archives britanniques et israéliennes, des interviews tenues entre 2007 et 2010 dans le Naqab (Israël méridional) avec des personnesclés de la communauté bédouine de Beersheba, et enfin au Royaume-Uni avec des fonctionnaires du Mandat britannique, semblent indiquer que les Bédouins résistèrent aux autorités britanniques entre 1917 et 1948 par de nombreuses manières. L'action et la résistance bédouine pendant cette période ont été plus importantes que l'on ne le pensait jusqu'à présent. En résistant à l'État colonial, les Bédouins ont joué un rôle important dans la Palestine méridionale, malgré les tentatives répétées de l'État colonial pour les contrôler et les influencer.

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