Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 11 Jun 2012

Ex post Impact Evaluation of Chashma Right Bank Canal on Land Use in D. I. Khan District, Pakistan

and
Page Range: 139 – 162
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.15.2.m3l32t670w516840
Save
Download PDF

This article carries out an ex post impact evaluation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) on land use in D.I. Khan district, located in Pakistan's arid ecological zone. Work on the CRB Irrigation Project (CRBIP) began in 1984 and was completed in three stages during 2003. CRBC commands 250 000 ha of land spread over the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab; its ultimate goal was to enhance agricultural productivity and employment opportunities and to alleviate poverty. Widespread changes in the cultural environment have resulted from the CRBC, which has led to many short- and long-term local and regional changes. The study found that after CRBC, cultivated land increased and waste land has decreased in area, especially in the CRBC command tract. However, no significant changes were reported from outside the CRBC command area during the study period. Analysis reveals that agricultural enhancement has produced a gradual increase in the uncultivated area, but that this development has mostly come at the cost of prime agricultural land.

Cet article présente une évaluation a posteriori de l'impact du projet Chashsma du canal sur la rive droite de l'Indus sur l'utilisation des sols dans le district D.I. Khan, situé dans la zone aride du Pakistan. Les travaux de ce projet d'irrigation ont commencé en 1984 et ont été complétés en trois phases durant l'année 2003. Le projet concerne 250 000 ha dans les provinces de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa et du Punjab. Son objectif principal était d'augmenter à la fois productivité agricole et le nombre d'emplois afin d'atténuer la pauvreté. Le projet a entraîné de nombreux changements dans l'environnement culturel, qui ont induit de nombreuses transformations locales et régionales, à court et à long terme. Cette étude constate que depuis la mise en oeuvre du projet, les surfaces cultivées ont augmenté et celle des friches ont diminué, en particulier dans le périmètre géré par le projet. Par contre, il n'y a pas eu de transformations importantes signalées hors de ce périmètre. L'analyse montre que l'intensification agricole a entraîné une augmentation progressive de la surface non-cultivée, et que cette évolution s'est surtout faite aux dépens de terres agricoles de première qualité.

Ahmad, N. 1993. Water resources of Pakistan. Lahore: Shahzad Nazir.

Ali, A., Singhvi, S. L. and Swami, S. K. 2004. Canal irrigation in the desert ecosystem: An environmental impact analysis of the selected areas of I.G.N.P. command (stage-I). In Environmental geography, ed. M. Z. A. Khan and S. K. Agarwal, 17-57. New Delhi: APH Publishing.

Asian Development Bank [ADB]. 1987. Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project Stage II, Pakistan: Technical and economic feasibility report. Prepared by Brown, Copeland, Heiler and Co., with technical assistance from ADB.

Asian Development Bank [ADB]. 1993. Environmental guidelines for selected infrastructure projects. Bangkok: Office of the ADB.

Atta-ur-Rahman. 2010. Ex post environmental impact assessment: A regional perspective. Saarbrücken, Germany: VDM Verlag.

Atta-ur-Rahman and Khan, A. N. 2006. Agricultural land use change detection in Tank and D. I. Khan Districts, NWFP. Geographical Papers 1(1):35-50.

Asian Development Bank [ADB]. 2008. Application of a checklisting technique for the assessment of impacts of the Chashma Right Bank Canal on land use and cropping pattern of D. I. Khan District, Pakistan. Irrigation and Drainage 57:165-73.

Baker, J. L. 2000. Evaluating the impact of development projects on poverty: A handbook for practitioners. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Cantor, L. M. 1967. World geography of irrigation. London: Oliver and Boyd.

Dalua, A. K. 1993. Environmental impact of large reservoir projects on human settlements: A case study of Upper Kolab Project in Orissa. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing.

Dastorani, M. T., Heshmati, M., and Sadeghzadeh, M. A. 2010. Evaluation of the efficiency of surface and subsurface irrigation in dryland environments. Irrigation and Drainage 59:129-37.

Garg, S. K. 1987. Irrigation engineering and hydraulic structures. Delhi: Khanna Publishers.

Government of India. 2002. National water policy. New Delhi: Ministry of Water Resources.

Government of North-West Frontier Province [GoNWFP]. 1975. Crops statistics of D. I. Khan Division, 1969-70 to 1974-75. Peshawar: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of NWFP.

Government of North-West Frontier Province [GoNWFP] 1980. Development statistics of NWFP. Peshawar: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of NWFP.

Government of North-West Frontier Province [GoNWFP] 1991. NWFP Development statistics. Peshawar: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of NWFP.

Government of North-West Frontier Province [GoNWFP] 2000. Half decade review 2000, district-wise statistical analysis of NWFP. Peshawar: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of NWFP.

Government of North-West Frontier Province [GoNWFP] 2004. Agriculture statistics, D. I. Khan district. Agriculture statistics wing, EDAO office, D. I. Khan.

Government of Pakistan [GoP]. 1999. District census report of D. I. Khan, 1998. Islamabad: Population Census Organization of Pakistan.

Havens, H.S. 1981. Programme evaluation and programme management. Public Administration Review 41:480-85.

Hussain, M. 1991. Project appraisal monitoring and evaluation processes with special reference to Pakistan. Karachi: Royal Book Company.

Japan International Cooperation Agency [JICA]. 1993. The feasibility study on Chashma Right Bank 1st Lift Irrigation Project: Interim report. Islamabad: Nippon Giken Inc. and Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.

Kugelman, M., and Hathaway, R.M., eds. 2009. Running on empty: Pakistan's water crisis. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

Maredia, M., Byerlee, D., and Anderson, J. R. 2000. Ex post evaluation of economic impacts of agricultural research programs: A tour of good practice. In The future of impact assessment in the CGIAR: Needs, constraints and options. Rome: CGIAR Technical Advisory Committee Secretariat, FAO. http://impact.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/99.pdf http://impact.cgiar.org/sites/default/files/pdf/99.pdf

Marsh, W. M., and Grossa, J. 2005. Environmental geography: Science, land use and earth systems. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.

Rutman, L. 1982. Evaluation research methods: A basic guide. Beverley Hills, California: Sage.

Sheikh, M. M. 2001. Drought management and prevention in Pakistan. Paper presented at the COMSATS 1st Meeting on Water Resources in the South: Present Scenario and Future Prospects, Islamabad, 1-2 November.

Stockle, C. O. 2001. Environmental impact of irrigation: A review. Paper presented at the 4th International Congress of Agricultural Engineering, Chillan, Chile, 9-11 May.

Water and Power Development Authority [WAPDA]. 1995. Environmental management plan of Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project. Strengthening Environmental Management for Water Resource Development, WAPDA project: Supporting report I. Lahore: WAPDA House.

Water and Power Development Authority [WAPDA]. 2002. Final report PIME studies, Phase II, Benchmark stage III of Chashma Right Bank Irrigation Project, vol. 1.

Wescoat, J. L., Jr., Halvorson, S. J., and Mustafa, D. 2000. Water management in the Indus basin of Pakistan: A half century perspective. International Journal of water resource development 16:391-406.

Wescoat, J. L. , Jr., and White, G. F. 2003. Water for life: water management and environmental policy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

White, G. F. 1969. Strategies of American water management. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Zwart, S. J., and Leclert, L. M. C. 2010. A remote sensing-based irrigation performance assessment: A case study of the Office du Niger in Mali. Irrigation Science 28:371-85.

  • Download PDF