Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 22 Apr 2013

Global Futures and Government Towns: Phosphates and the Production of Western Sahara as a Space of Contention

Page Range: 101 – 124
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.16.1.573411vu58248278
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The study of natural resources lends itself to theorizing the politics of nature and the politics of time. The space of Western Sahara, where both remain highly contested, provides an opportunity to consider the ramifications of resources in political conflict at different historical moments. Drawing from environmental histories of North Africa and the Sahara, as well as the anthropology of time, the author focuses on two historical moments. The first, from 1945 to 1976, concerns the discovery of phosphate deposits during the Spanish colonial period and the implications of this discovery for political authority in the Sahara more broadly. The second, contemporary moment is characterized by intensifying interest in plotting the future use and reserves of phosphates, with potential implications for the political futures of Western Sahara. These two moments are considered in three parts: the first situates the discovery of phosphates in Western Sahara within the regional process of decolonization; the second considers the configuration and reconfiguration of an urban space, Laâyoune, during these two moments of phosphate production; and the third discusses the contemporary dynamics of determining the future of phosphates in the present.

L'étude des ressources naturelles permet de théoriser les politiques de la nature et de la temporalité. Dans l'espace du Sahara occidental elles sont toutes les deux très contestées et permettent alors de saisir la place des ressources durant les différentes phases d'un conflit politique. En se basant sur les trajectoires environnementales de l'Afrique du Nord et du Sahara, ainsi que sur des anthropologies de la temporalité, l'auteur cible deux périodes historiques. La première, qui s'étend de 1945 à 1976, concerne la découverte de gisements de phosphates pendant la période coloniale espagnole et ses implications pour l'autorité politique au Sahara au sens large. La seconde concerne la période contemporaine ; elle est caractérisée par un intérêt accru pour la planification des utilisations ultérieures des réserves de phosphates, et de leurs conséquences pour le futur politique du Sahara occidental. Ces deux périodes sont analysées en trois parties : la première positionne la découverte des phosphates du Sahara occidental dans le processus régional de décolonisation ; la seconde examine la configuration et la reconfiguration de l'espace urbain de Laâyoune pendant ces deux périodes de production de phosphate ; et enfin la troisième cerne les dynamiques contemporaines déterminant le futur des phosphates.

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