Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 09 Oct 2013

“Palestine as a Woman”: Feminizing Resistance and Popular Literature

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Page Range: 147 – 176
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.16.2.utuu9583phrp7045
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At the present time, when desires to resist are being conscripted, the rich history of historic Palestine is being devalued, and significant concepts (such as resistance) have become inferiorized, but particular powerful metaphors such as “Palestine as a woman” are maintained to subvert dominant thinking that re-inscribes colonial relations, and Palestinian women have collectively defied oppression, firmly wielded the weapons of the struggle contained in their culture, spoken a united language of resistance, and unearthed the colonial cultural matrix by feminizing resistance. The significance of the representation of Palestinian women in popular literary works reverberates in the symbols of Palestine, Beirut, Resistance, and the Palestinian Uprising (Intifada). Three renowned Palestinian intellectuals whose work informed the popular and national liberation discourse after the Nakba (the occupation of Palestine in 1948) have elaborated significantly on the interlacing of social and national liberation in the case of Palestine and, by implication, have contributed to the formation of women's gender identity: the metaphor of “Palestine as a woman and women as Palestine” is found in the works of the novelist Ghassan Kanafani, the cartoonist Naji al-Ali, and the poet Mahmoud Darwish. This article offers a framework for understanding the significance of this powerful metaphor as it developed in the context of conflict and war in Palestine. Using a grounded theory approach, the authors analyze selected popular literary works and explore how women's world is woven into the practice of everyday resistance, or “feminized resistance.” This process involves reconfiguring a pattern— away from Western gender politics—by confronting the rigid dichotomy of public versus private domains, de-framing domestic responsibilities, de-constraining national identity, and re-imagining feminism within the context of national oppression. The authors use James C. Scott's hypothesis that “hidden transcripts,” or the undeclared, essentially individual forms of women's resistance, create a culture, a movement, a nation of resistance.

À l'heure actuelle, alors que les désirs de résister sont mobilisés, la riche histoire de la Palestine historique est dévaluée et des concepts importants, comme la résistance sont infériorisés, mais des métaphores particulièrement puissantes, telle que la représentation de la « Palestine comme femme » sont maintenues pour saper la pensée dominante qui ré-inscrit les relations coloniales et les femmes palestiniennes ont, collectivement, fait face à l'oppression, en maniant fermement les armes de la lutte contenues dans leur culture, en parlant le langage unifié de la résistance, et en mettant au grand jour la matrice culturelle coloniale en féminisant la résistance. l'importance de la représentation des femmes palestiniennes dans les oeuvres littéraires populaires résonne dans les symboles de la Palestine, de Beyrouth, de la Résistance et du soulèvement palestinien (l'Intifada). Trois intellectuels palestiniens de renom dont le travail a nourri le discours de libération nationale et populaire après la Nakba (l'occupation de la Palestine en 1948) ont développé de manière significative les intrications entre la libération sociale et nationale dans le cas de la Palestine et ont contribué par là à la formation de l'identité de genre des femmes. On trouve la métaphore de la « Palestine comme femme » et des « femmes comme Palestine » dans les oeuvres du romancier Ghassan Kanafani, du caricaturiste Naji al-Ali et du poète Mahmoud Darwich. Cet article propose un cadre interprétatif pour comprendre la signification de cette puissante métaphore telle qu’elle a évolué dans le contexte de conflit et de guerre en Palestine. En utilisant une approche par le biais de la théorie ancrée, les auteurs analysent certaines oeuvres littéraires populaires et explorent comment le monde des femmes est intégré dans la pratique de la résistance quotidienne ou de la " résistance féminisée ". Ce processus implique la reconfiguration d’un motif qui - en s’éloignant de la politique occidentale du genre - défie la dichotomie rigide entre les domaines du public et du privé, recadre les responsabilités domestiques, libère l'identité nationale, et imagine le féminisme sous un autre angle dans le contexte de l'oppression nationale. Les auteurs utilisent l'hypothèse de James C. Scott que les « transcriptions cachées » ou non-déclarées, essentiellement des formes individuelles de résistance féminine, créent une culture, un mouvement et une nation de résistance.

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