Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 09 Oct 2013

Border Crossing Between Iraq and Iran, Summer 1953

Page Range: 195 – 209
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.16.2.u016h81595h17332
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Historians have begun to abandon the nation-state frame of reference and to recognize the significance of borderlands and border crossing for electoral politics; master narratives such as self and other, domestic and foreign, nationalist and internationalist, have been redirected to new forms of transnational identity. The present article follows this lead by asserting that border crossings between Iran and Iraq were never simply the sum total of transits by heads of state; indeed, such journeys framed political possibilities within Iraq. During the summer of 1953, the Zahedi coup in Tehran initiated a series of strikes over the border that challenged the newly crowned Hashemite King Faisal II in Iraq, as well as his administration's vision of a petroleum-based modernity for the country's working classes. To advance this position, the author identifies and explicates three different forms of border-crossing: the cross-border transits of heads of state are contrasted with those of conscripted soldiers, elderly pilgrims, and middle-class families and the domestic workers they employed. It becomes clear that the Iraqi left's political imaginary also enjoyed a solid base in the neighbouring jurisdiction.

Les historiens ont commencé à se détourner du cadre de référence de l’État-nation pour reconnaitre l’importance des espaces frontaliers et de leur traversée pour la vie politique électorale. Des grands récits sur le Soi et de l’Autre, le domestique et l’étranger, le nationaliste et l’internationaliste, ont été instrumentalisés pour définir de nouvelles formes d’identité transnationale. Cet article affirme que la question de la traversée de la frontière entre l’Irak et l’Iran ne se réduit pas à une simple comptabilité des mouvements effectués par les chefs d’État, bien qu’ils influençaient les opportunités politiques en Irak. Durant l’été de 1953, le coup d’État de Zahedi à Téhéran a incité des Irakiens à lancer des grèves contre le roi hachémite Fayçal II et contre la vision que son gouvernement propageait d’une modernité basée sur le pétrole. L’auteur identifie et analyse trois formes de traversée de la frontière : le passage des chefs d’État est comparé à celui des conscrits, des pèlerins d’un certain âge, des familles des classes moyennes et de leurs employés de maison. Il apparaît alors que l’imaginaire politique de la Gauche irakienne était largement partagé par la région limitrophe.

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