Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 25 Mar 2014

Democratic Values in Lebanon's Segmented Politics

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Page Range: 313 – 325
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.16.3.1w95g38694875178
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Lebanon has probably the most open political system in the Arab world. It has a sizeable, although ineffectual, civil society; freedom of expression is not only guaranteed by the constitution but usually exercised without fear of government sanction or intimidation by political rivals. One would therefore expect the Lebanese people to express appreciation for democratic values and to display a propensity for involvement in power sharing and competitive politics. This article asserts, however, that key requisites of democracy, be they attitudinal or behavioural, are weak in Lebanon. The authors argue that severe sectarian rivalry, political uncertainty, and a preoccupation with security and economic concerns coalesce against promoting essential tenets of democracy at the cognitive and evaluative levels. An analysis based on empirical data obtained from the 2008 implementation of the World Values Survey in Lebanon confirms these assumptions: respondents reported greater interest in stabilizing the economy, curbing inflation, and controlling crime than in fostering a society of ideas and granting people a greater say in the Lebanese political system. In fact, more than half of respondents expressed a preference for instituting military rule in the country.

Le Liban a probablement le système politique le plus ouvert du monde arabe. Il a une société civile importante bien qu'inefficace ; la liberté d'expression n'est pas seulement garantie par la Constitution, mais elle est généralement exercée sans crainte de sanctions de la part du gouvernement ou d'intimidation par des rivaux politiques. On pourrait donc s'attendre à ce que les Libanais expriment leur approbation pour ces valeurs démocratiques et affichent une propension à participer dans le partage du pouvoir et dans la politique compétitive. Cet article affirme cependant qu'au Liban, les conditions indispensables de la démocratie, qu'elles soient sous la forme d'attitudes ou de comportements, sont faibles. Les auteurs soutiennent que la profonde rivalité sectaire, l'incertitude politique, les inquiétudes sécuritaires et les préoccupations économiques convergent pour bloquer la promotion de principes essentiels de la démocratie aux niveaux cognitif et évaluatif. Une analyse fondée sur des données empiriques obtenues à partir de la World Values Survey de 2008 au Liban confirme ces hypothèses : les personnes interrogées disent avoir plus d'intérêt pour la stabilisation de l'économie, la lutte contre l'inflation et la lutte contre la criminalité, que pour l'édification d'une société d'idées et pour une plus grande participation dans le système politique libanais. En fait, plus de la moitié des enquêtés ont exprimé une préférence pour l'instauration d'un régime militaire dans le pays.

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