Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 19 Apr 2011

Geomorphic Impacts of Highway Construction, Their Causes and Remedies: A Case Study from Aqaba, Southern Jordan

Page Range: 1 – 25
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.2.1.n841568782765t42
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The Aqaba by-pass was constructed through extremely rugged and arid granite mountains and alluvial piedmont overlooking the lower Wadi Araba and the Gulf of Aqaba. Different landform units, surface materials, and abundant ephemeral wadi channels exist along the road corridor. On 21 March 1991, after the completion of road construction and before its opening to trafic, a flood of 6-7 years return period occurred and caused heavy damage to the road. Another flood in December 1993 exposed the road to additional damage and problems. A geomorphological survey was carried out to evaluate the road corridor with respect to fluvial processes affecting the road and its safety. Three engineering geomorphological problems were recognized: (i) inadequate design for almost all major and minor wadi crossings; (ii) lack of understanding of geomorphic setting along the road corridor—fluvial activity, braided and changing wadi channels, sediment sources, and potential flood hazard had not been fully appreciated in the design stage; (iii) heavy disturbance of surface material, associated with different landform units during construction, maximized sediment supply during flooding. Following the survey, several alternative solutions to existing problems were formulated. Improved hydraulic design for major and minor wadi crossings, hillslope drainage, and sediment source control procedures are all essential to protect the road against future flooding and damage.

La rocade d'Aqaba a été construite à travers des montagnes granitiques extrêmement accidentées et arides ainsi que le piémont alluvionnaire qui surplombent l'aval du Wadi Araba et le Golfe d'Aqaba. Tout le long de son tracé, la route rencontre plusieurs formes, formations superficielles et chenaux fluviatils éphémères. Le 21 mars 1991, la construction d'une route qui venait d'être achevée, mais n'était pas encore ouverte au public, a été sérieusement endommagée par une crue qui intervient tous les 6 à 7 ans. Une autre crue, en décembre 1993, a endommagé à nouveau le tracé. Une étude géomorphologiquea, par la suite, été effectuée tout le long du tracé routier afin de déterminer les processus en cours et leurs impacts sur son état. Trois problèmes géomorphologiques à implications techniques ont été identifiés: 1) desmanques dans la conception des traversées mineures et majeures des wadis; 2) des lacunes quant à la compréhension du contexte géomor-phologique du secteur à la suite d'une mauvaise intégration des données de l'activité fluviale, de l'activité des chenaux anastomosés, l'origine des sédiments et le risque fluvial dans la phase de conception des ouvrages; 3) la modification des formations superficielles au moment de la construction de la route a maximisé la disponibilité en sédiments mobilisables lors des crues. À la suite de l'étude, plusieurs solutions ont été proposées. La modification des ponts traversant les wadis mineurs et majeurs, le contrôle de l'écoulement sur les versants et celui des sources de sédiments sont essentiels pour protéger la route des impacts des crues futures.

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