Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 19 Apr 2011

Desert Ecosystems in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia—A Realistic Way to Improve Their Economic Value

Page Range: 265 – 274
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.2.4.427x78v343476530
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Land degradation due to overgrazing affects almost the entire Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The economic loss due to over-exploitation of formerly productive open rangelands is enormous. The study area north of Jubail is a typical example of the current situation. Detailed studies of vegetation within the study area allowed the calculation of the total annual biomass production, which under favourable conditions is around 80 kg/ha of perennial plants. Long-term fenced areas produce more than 300 kg/ha. Based on the annual production, the grazing capacity is 2.8-4.3 times lower than that required for the actual number of animals present in the area. In light of various studies, the development of parts of the study area since 1996, the year when grazing activity came to a standstill, demonstrates that the potential for natural recovery is immense. During only two years with sufficient precipitation annual biomass production more than doubled and preferred nutritious grazing plants like Rhanterium eppaposum re-established themselves. At some spots they are even on the way to regain dominance. Careful grazing management will improve the value of the open range significantly within three to five years and at the same time keep the costs for the necessary measures low.

La dégradation des sols par suite de surpâturage affecte pratiquement la totalité de la province orientale de l'Arabie Saoudite. La perte économique est grande, conséquence de la surexploitation de parcours de pâturage précédemment productifs. L'espace de recherche, au nord de Jubail, est un exemple typique de la situation actuelle. Des études détaillées de la végétation dans cette espace ont permis de calculer la production annuelle de la biomasse, soit environ 80kg/ha de plantes pérennes; des espaces enclos durant une longue période produisent quant à eux 300kg/ha. Si on se réfère à la production annuelle, la capacité de pâturage est 2,8 à 4,4 fois inférieure au nombre d'animaux effectivement présents dans la région. À la lumiére de plusieurs études, menees sur le développement de certains secteurs de la région examinée depuis 1996, l'année de l'arrêt du pâturage, on note que le potentiel de régénération naturelle est immense. En seulement deux ans, mais avec des précipitations suffisantes, la biomasse a plus que doublé et les plantes de pâturage, très nutritives, comme le Rhanterium eppaposum, se sont établies à nouveau. À certains endroits, elles tendent même à dominer. Des techniques de gestion appropriées augmenteront de façon significative la valeur des pâturages dans trois à cinq ans à venir tout en maintenant à un niveau bas les coûts des mesures nécessaires.

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