Our study investigates domestic gardening in a comprehensive framework exploring different factors that contribute to the practice such as motivation and interest balanced against the environmental challenges. An online questionnaire was filled in by 965 persons for 60 days and distributed in many locations in Kuwait. An ArcMap was utilized to understand the distribution of respondents. We found that most of the respondents have home gardens and enjoy being around green spaces, and this in turn has affected their mood and positive feelings. The challenges associated with home gardening in Kuwait, with dry and degraded soil, were not discouraging factors for domestic gardening. Interestingly, a new significant pattern of gardening where individuals cultivated their gardens and used them to produce food amounting to 58% of their own consumption. Our finding led to better understanding of food-sufficiency on an individual level. Domestic gardening is a key player in food security and requires more attention.

This study seeks to shed light on a widely discussed contemporary social issue in Jordan, which has presented itself repeatedly in each round of elections to the Jordanian Parliament in the period 1989-2020. Although the Jordanian women's right to participate in the fabric of political life of the state is well-established and enshrined in legislation and government backing, support for their election to Parliament among the public remains consistently low. This study is an attempt to explain the persistent paradox between a low rate of female candidate access to Parliament beyond their legally assigned quota and their levels of achievement in all spheres of progress, democratization and development in Jordan. In doing so, the authors investigate their chosen research topic through a detailed statistical prism and analysis of questionnaires distributed among 270 female respondents affiliated with political parties. Such analysis revolves around two core problematic parameters: modernizing the political system in Jordan and the role of social support.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of state building, ideologies, and civil society in Jordan and Egypt, with implications for regional security, particularly concerning the UAE. It examines the historical contexts, ideological frameworks, and dynamics of civil society in these countries, portraying Egypt as a nationalist revolutionary republic with civil society challenges and Jordan as a stable traditional monarchy. The study explores the roles of the Muslim Brotherhood and grassroots civil society in Egypt, the interplay between secular and Islamist movements, and the impact of these dynamics on regional stability. Jordan's conciliatory approach towards Islamist groups contrasts with Egypt's repressive strategies, highlighting different models of governance and their implications for managing ideological diversity and civil society. The paper suggests lessons for the UAE, emphasizing inclusive governance, economic diversification, regional security cooperation, and proactive strategies to enhance stability and development amidst a rapidly evolving regional context.

This research seeks to analyze the newer trends that have emerged in the area of smart contracts and, in particular, the areas of their documentation and application, along with the growing convergence with artificially intelligent techniques. Smart contracts are also known as self-executing digital contracts managed electronically via the blockchain systems. Such contracts have provided unparalleled security and transparency in commercial and legal transactions. It is interesting to understand how to document these participant contracts, tendered as distributed digital files. This research analyzes the strengths and weaknesses in the expression of intent in the smart contracts. It also suggests solutions to enhance such a process.

The study reviews the challenges to the implementation of the aforementioned within the scope of the traditional legal system. The research also deals with the impact of artificial intelligence on enhancing the efficiency of the use of smart contracts. It provides recommendations on the amendments to the law that facilitate the utilization of smart contracts and their integration with artificial intelligence, ensuring compliance with legal frameworks and safeguarding the rights of contracting parties through the establishment of legislation to govern and document these contracts. The drafting of smart contracts is considered a challenge and an opportunity for improving the efficiency and reliability of contracting operations in the digital era.

This study analyzes the relationship between large-scale relative vorticity fields, a key variable in synoptic movements in mid-latitude regions, and rainfall in Syria. The main elements are analyzed using S-mode Principal Component Analysis (PCA), employing statistical methods such as Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to investigate the relationships between the variables under study. This involves studying the patterns of relative vorticity at different pressure levels (such as hPa 850 and hPa 500) and rainfall data over Syria. The application of relative vorticity activity centers and rainfall was conducted, alongside analyzing the common relationships based on factor results related to these centers to determine any significant correlations.

The analysis relied on relative vorticity fields at pressure levels of hPa 850 and hPa 500 at grid points 10°-70° and 10°-70° with a spacing of 2.5°. Monthly relative vorticity values were obtained from the NCEP-DOE reanalysis databases (1981–2020), alongside rainfall data from 14 major stations in Syria. Major patterns from canonical regression analysis indicated changes in relative vorticity at the hPa 500 pressure level throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region and Iraq, connected with rainfall in Syria. An inverse relationship was found between relative vorticity over Eastern Europe and rainfall on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, as well as a connection between changes in relative vorticity over Turkey and Cyprus and rainfall in Syria. The study also examined the relationship between changes in relative vorticity at hPa 850 over the Arabian Sea and rainfall in Syria.

This research study is grounded in historic perspective, aimed at scrutinizing the oil agreements that international oil companies, operated in the Arabian Gulf exploited to serve their interests. One of the most important objectives is to reveal the secrecy of the agreements and the parties involved, which serve their monopolistic interests without concern for the rights of those countries and their peoples. The Achnacarry Agreement, signed in Scotland in September 1928, is one of the most significant oil agreements that remained secret for nearly 25 years, earning the title of “the Oil Constitution.” Interestingly, such agreement remained hidden from the public for a quarter of a century. This led to dangerous oil policies under which global oil extraction, production, distribution, marketing, and pricing were monopolized, at the expense of the wealth of nations and their governments. Arguably the Achnacarry Agreement eventually became a cornerstone of oil monopolies for many years ahead, allowing for the expansion of its base by the inclusion of over 15 international companies.