Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Social Transformation and Islamic Reinterpretation in Northern Somalia: The Women's Mosque in Gabiley

Page Range: 22 – 39
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.3.1.36248108532645t6
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Traditional Somali society was a liberal Moslem society, yet women were denied Islamic scholarship and leadership. The patriarchal British colonial order and secular education reinforced “traditional” discrimination against women. Commercialization, intensified by colonialism, led to the introduction of a new female dress code and the reinterpretation of Islamic practice to include housewivization of middle class wives. Discrimination against female secular education began to change in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Demand for girls' secular education opened girls' access to Islamic education. Girls' knowledge of the Qur'an was a prerequisite for secular school admission. This generated mutuality between secular and Islamic education. One of the biggest obstacles to girls' secular education was the lack of women Qur'anic teachers. A miracle brought Sheikh Marian Sheikh Ismail and her family to the town of Gabiley in the early 1960s. She established her own girls' Qur'anic school, which immediately became popular. Sheikh Marian also joined the town women's Sitaad centre, traditional women's devotional space where they sang religious songs and discussed women's concerns. These women decided to build Somalia's first women's mosque. The purpose of the mosque has been to create an autonomous women's space for praying and for studying Islam. More women are knowledgeable about Islam in Gabiley as a result of this effort. It also generated debate between groups based on the women's mosque and others who subscribe to a more purist version of the Islamic interpretation of women and of Islam.

La société traditionnelle somalienne était une société musulmane libérale ; pourtant les femmes se voyaient refuser l'accès au savoir et aux positions de pouvoir islamiques. L'ordre colonial patriarcal britannique et l'enseignement laïc ont renforcé la discrimination “traditionnelle” envers les femmes. La commercialisation de l'conomie intensifiée par le fait colonial, a introduit un nouveau code vestimentaire ainsi qu'une ré-interprétation des habitudes islamiques prônant la consignation au foyer des femmes appartenant à la classe moyenne. La discrimination envers l'enseignement laïc pour les filles commença à changer vers la fin des années 1950 et le début des années 1960. Les exigences de l'enseignement laïc ont ouvert l'accès à l'enseignement islamique aux filles. La connaissance du Coran par les filles étant une condition préalable à l'entrée à l'école laïque, a produit une complémentarité entre l'enseignement islamique et laïc. Un des plus importants obstacles à l'enseignement laïc des filles a été l'absence d'enseignantes du Coran. Un miracle fit que Sheikh Marian Sheikh Ismail et sa famille vinssent à Gabiley vers le début des années 1960. Elle fonda sa propre école coranique, qui fut immédiatement très appréciée. Sheikh Marian fit également partie du centre pour femmes Sitaad, un espace culturel traditionnel situé en ville oü l'on chantait des chansons religieuses et discutait d'affaires de femmes. Ces femmes décidèrent de construire la première mosquée pour femmes de la Somalie, afin d'avoir un espace autonome pour prier et pour étudier l'islam. Grâce à cette initiative, plus de femmes à Gabiley sont maintenant informées de l'islam. Elle a également permis de lancer un débat entre les groupes centrés sur la mosquée et ceux qui souscrivent à une version plus puriste de l'interprétation islamique de la place des femmes et de l'islam.

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