Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

The Geography of Egypt's Islamist Insurgency

Page Range: 160 – 184
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.4.3.837u410m8782264u
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The end of the Cold War has not ushered in an era of global peace. Conflicts continue that often feature insurgent movements seeking to topple incumbent regimes. In the post-Cold War era, insurgents find it more difficult to create an insurgent state due to growing populations, improved access to previously remote territory, and sophisticated military and security technologies. Egyptian Islamist insurgents faced this dilemma as they sought to establish an Islamic state. The conflict exhibited signs of core-periphery violence with most incidents occurring in the peripheral region of Upper Egypt. Geography worked against the insurgents. Hemmed in by the narrow Nile River Valley, the insurgents lacked terrain conducive to guerrilla warfare. Sugarcane fields provided concealment, but did not offer safe havens. This limited insurgents to the mobile warfare stage of insurgency. They established base camps in Afghanistan rather than Egypt, thus illustrating the globalization of the insurgent state. Much of the violence in Cairo occurred in the shantytowns inhabited by migrants from Upper Egypt, thus exhibiting further evidence of the core-periphery nature of the conflict. Although Islamists tried to incite a popular uprising in Cairo, their efforts failed and the conflict remained largely confined to Upper Egypt. Within that region, insurgent violence spread primarily by proximity.

La fin de la guerre froide n'a pas annoncé une période de paix mondiale. Les conflits continuent, concernant souvent des mouvements insurrectionnels qui tentent de renverser les régimes en place. Dans la période de l'après-guerre froide, la croissance démographique, le désenclavement des régions périphériques et le développement de technologies militaires et sécuritaires sophistiquées, ont rendu plus difficile la création d'États rebelles. Les insurgés islamistes égyptiens affrontent ces problèmes alors qu'ils tentent d'établir un État islamique. Le conflit était de nature centre-périphérie ; la plupart des incidents se produisant dans la région périphérique de Haute Égypte. La géographie a desservi les rebelles. Confinés dans l'étroite vallée du Nil, les rebelles n'ont pas un terrain approprié pour la guérilla. Les champs de canne à sucre peuvent les dissimuler, mais n'offrent pas de refuges ; cela a cantonné les rebelles dans la phase mobile de la guerre d'insurrection. Ils ont établi des bases en Afghanistan plutôt qu'en Égypte, ce qui illustre la mondialisation de l'état insurrectionnel. La plupart des cas de violence au Caire se sont produits dans des bidonvilles habités par des migrants originaires de la Haute Égypte, une autre preuve de la nature du conflit opposant centre et périphérie. Bien que les islamistes essaient de déclencher un soulèvement populaire au Caire, leurs efforts ont échoué, et le conflit reste largement limité à la Haute Égypte. Dans cette région, la violence insurrectionnelle se propage principalement par voisinage.

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