Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

The Reconstruction of Downtown Beirut in the Context of Political Geography

Page Range: 232 – 248
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.5.4.j223257755n05276
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Downtown Beirut was partly destroyed in the Lebanese civil war from 1975 to 1990. The “green line,” the demarcation line between Christian East and Muslim West Beirut, runs right through downtown. After the end of the war about 80% of the buildings in the downtown area were quickly demolished to make room for a new (post-)modern reconstruction. Naturally, this creation of a tabula rasa in the city centre of Beirut was strongly criticized by the former tenants and owners, as well as by architects, city planners, and academics. Several interest groups were formed and tried to influence the further planning of Beirut's downtown. Finally, however, the main initiator and driving force behind the process of reconstruction, the Lebanese businessman and later prime minister, Rafiq al-Hariri, was able to gain acceptance and to establish a monopoly over decisions. The following article investigates from a political-geographical point of view the role of the different participants in the conflict surrounding Beirut's reconstruction. The focus is particularly on the various interests, action strategies, and visions of the protagonists involved. In addition, the public application of the geographical imaginations of the future downtown area, which were decisive factors for the decision-making process, is analysed.

Le centre de Beyrouth a été partiellement détruit durant la guerre civile libanaise de 1975 à 1990. La ‘ligne verte’, la ligne de démarcation entre Beyrouth-Est, chrétien, et Beyrouth-Ouest musulman, traverse le centre-ville. Après la fin de la guerre, près de 80% des bâtiments du centre ville ont été rapidement démolis pour faire place à une reconstruction nouvelle (post-)moderne. Naturellement, cette tabula rasa imposée sur le centre-ville de Beyrouth a été vivement critiquée par des locataires délogés et des propriétaires dépossédés, de même que par des architectes, des urbanistes et des universitaires. Plusieurs groupes de pression se sont constitués pour tenter d'influencer la planification future du centre ville de Beyrouth. En fin de compte, cependant, le principal initiateur et moteur derrière le processus de reconstruction, l'homme d'affaires libanais puis Premier Ministre, Rafiq al-Hariri, a pu faire accepter le projet et par la suite monopoliser les processus décisionnels. Cet article analyse le rôle des différents participants du conflit autour de la reconstruction de Beyrouth, sous l'angle de la géographie politique. Il focalise plus particulièrement sur les enjeux les stratégies d'action et les visions des différents protagonistes. En outre, l'instrumentalisation des imaginations géographiques du centre-ville futur par le public, qui fut un facteur décisif dans le processus décisionnel, est analysée.

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