Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 24 Feb 2011

Slope Stability Problems in Central and Northern Jordan

Page Range: 265 – 290
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.5.4.k7337u0682474176
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Over the last four decades excessive hill-slope disturbances have been identified during highway construction and urban development in central and northern Jordan. Most of the major engineering projects were implemented on natural, steep slopes, related to old landslide complexes, weak geological structures, and soft lithological units of low-shearing resistance. Thus a wide range of landslides was reactivated, causing serious damage to highways and urban areas. Engineering activities often took place without previous appreciation of the geological, geomorphological, and hydrological setting. The human impact of the increased probability of landslides was also ignored. The final triggering factor responsible for these slope failures was the build-up in the materials of high pore-water pressures, caused by recurrent, high-intensity rainstorms. Geomorphological stability evaluation was carried out along the Amman-Jerusalem and Amman-Irbid highways and in the greater Amman area. It is concluded that hill-slope instability problems are likely to increase with continued highway and urban development, as are economic losses. To mitigate slope instability and its consequences, a monitoring program should evaluate extreme hill-slope processes. A mapping methodology is needed that delineates terrain units of high susceptibility to landslides. Such procedures are essential to minimize the impact of landslides on development and to guide land planning towards the creation of more stable land.

Au cours des quatre dernières décennies, des modifications importantes des pentes ont été identifiées au cours de la construction d'autoroutes et du développement urbain en Jordanie centrale et septentrionale. La plupart des grands projets d'ingénierie ont été effectués sur des pentes raides naturelles, liées à d'anciens glissements de terrain, des structures géologiques peu résistantes aux séries lithologiques tendres à faible résistance mécanique. Une grande variété de glissements de terrain a été réactivée, provoquant de sérieux dégâts aux autoroutes et aux espaces urbains. Ces travaux d'ingénierie ont souvent été effectués sans analyses préalables du cadre géologique, géomorphologique et hydrologique. Les conséquences de la probabilité croissante des glissements de terrain sur les activités humaines ont elles aussi été négligées. Le facteur- détente ultime pour ces mouvements de pente a été l'accumulation dans les pores des matériaux de fortes pressions d'eau, provoquées par des averses récurrentes intenses. L'évaluation de stabilité géomorphologique a été effectuée le long des autoroutes Amman-Jerusalem et Amman-Irbid, et dans la région du grand Amman. Nous en concluons que les problèmes de l'instabilité des pentes s'aggraveront vraisemblablement avec la poursuite du développement routier et urbain, avec des pertes économiques croissantes. Pour atténuer l'instabilité des pentes et ses conséquences, un programme de monitoring devrait évaluer les processus de pente extrêmes. Une méthodologie cartographique est nécessaire pour délimiter les unités susceptibles d'être affectées par des glissements de terrain. De telles procédures sont essentielles pour minimiser l'impact des glissements de terrain sur le développement, et pour mener l'aménagement du territoire vers une prise en compte de la nécessité de stabiliser les terrains.

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