Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 03 Mar 2011

The Historical Evolution of Municipal Management in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Page Range: 255 – 270
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.6.4.n70uk534578tx38u
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Urban management, as a formal body of institutional arrangements, techniques, rules, and practices for the planning, organization, and technical control of an urban centre, plays a critical role in the effective delivery of urban services and the democratization of governance at various geographical scales. Governments in developing countries have often been accused of over-centralizing and bureaucratizing both the decision-making process and the delivery of essential urban services to their populace. This article briefly explores the history of municipal management in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, since its establishment in 1887. The series of legal and institutional measures taken by successive governments are examined from the perspective of the contributions they made to the evolution of a decentralized and democratic urban-management regime. I argue that, notwithstanding the significant legal and institutional changes that have taken place since the city's establishment in 1887, the measures taken by successive governments in the name of devolution of power and urban functions have strengthened state control over the city's overall development and management rather than create a decentralized and democratic system of governance. The current highly circumscribed urban-management regime prevailing in the capital city is the continuation of a historical process that deliberately promoted central control over local urban management and governance.

La gestion urbaine, comme instance formelle d'arrangements institutionnels, de techniques, de régulations et de pratiques nécessaires à la plani- fication, à l'organisation et au contrôle technique d'un centre urbain, joue un rôle central dans la distribution effective de services urbains et dans la démocratisation de la gouvernance à différentes échelles géographiques. Dans les pays en voie de développement, les gouvernements ont souvent été accusés de centraliser à l'extrême et de bureaucratiser à la fois le processus de prise de décision et la distribution des services urbains essentiels à leur population. Cet article explore brièvement l'histoire de la gestion municipale à Addis-Abeba, la capitale de l'Éthiopie, depuis sa création en 1887. Les différentes mesures légales et institutionnelles prises par les gouvernements successifs sont examinées sous l'angle de leur contribution à l'évolution d'un régime de gestion urbaine décentralisé et démocratique. J'avance que malgré les importants changements légaux et institutionnels qui ont eu lieu depuis la création de la municipalité en 1887, les mesures prises par les gouvernements successifs au nom de la dévolution du pouvoir et des fonctions urbaines ont renforcé le contrôle de l'État sur le développement et la gestion de la ville, plutôt que de créer un système de gouvernance décentralisé et démocratique. L'actuel régime dans la capitale, consistant en une gestion urbaine très limitée, est la continuation d'un processus historique qui a délibérément promu un contrôle centralisé de la gestion urbaine et de la gouvernance locales.

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