Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 14 Mar 2011

The Underside of the Picturesque Landscape: Meanings of Muslim Burial in Cape Town, South Africa

Page Range: 261 – 275
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.7.4.bj9r62185567106t
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Death is a crucial marker of the boundaries of the human. The dominant ways of determining the boundaries of the human under apartheid, which were inherited from the colonial era, did not fully recognize Black people as human, and therefore did not recognize their deaths as deaths. Control over the meanings of death is an indication of who is regarded as human. I derive the question, "Whose deaths are deaths?" from Judith Butler's recent consideration of the representation of the war in Afghanistan. Whose deaths are deaths and, therefore, whose bodies are buried, whose are studied and displayed, and whose unaccounted for? In this article I discuss the way images of burial both cement and disturb the notion of a picturesque Islam that came to be established in paintings, travel writing, and discourses about food during the colonial period in South Africa. I argue that the placement of Islam in the picturesque occurs and fails through the sight of a Muslim burial. I analyze protests by Muslims in Cape Town in 1886 around the closure of cemeteries and show that the discourse of the picturesque and its underside, the repressed vision of "Oriental fanaticism," fail because they are unable to accommodate a complexity of motivations beyond religion, as well as the possibility of a larger Black collectivity.

La mort est un marqueur décisif des limites de l'humain. La manière principale pour déterminer les limites de l'humain sous le régime de l'apartheid, héritée de la période coloniale, était de ne pas reconnaître complètement les Noirs comme des êtres humains, et de ce fait de ne pas reconnaître leurs morts comme des décès. Le contrôle sur les sens donnés à de la mort est une indication de qui est perçu comme humain. À partir de la réflexion récente de Judith Butler sur la représentation de la guerre enAfghanistan, je déduis la question suivante: « Les décès de qui sont-ils de véritables décès? » La mort de qui constitue-telle une véritable mort? Partant, quels corps sont brûlés, quels corps sont apprêtés et exhibés, et quels corps sont passés sous silence? Dans cet article, je traite de la manière dont les images de funérailles renforcent et dérangent à la fois la notion d'un islam pittoresque, consacré dans les tableaux, les récits de voyages et les discours sur la nourriture de la période coloniale en Afrique du Sud. Je démontre que l'insertion pittoresque de l'islam s'effectue et échoue au travers du regard sur les enterrements musulmans. J'analyse les protestations des musulmans du Cap en 1886 contre la fermeture de cimetières et démontre que le discours du pittoresque et sa face cachée—la vision réprimée du « fanatisme oriental »—ont échoué parce qu'ils ne pouvaient s'approprier la complexité de motivations autres que religieuses, ni de la possibilité de l'existence d'une collectivité noire plus importante.

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