Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 14 Mar 2011

Ireland: John Bull's Other Island

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Page Range: 46 – 60
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.8.1-2.806542877r0q587j
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Edward Said's influence on cultural, literary, and historical theory in post-colonial Ireland is highly significant. Theorists such as Seamus Deane, Declan Kiberd, and Luke Gibbons have engaged productively with Said's work to elucidate and interrogate the ways in which colonization and decolonization operate(d) in the Irish context, particularly through literary and historical texts. Irish geographers, however, have been slow to engage with the implications of Said's work for the construction of geographic knowledge, despite Said's obvious concern for the intersection of geography, colonialism, and decolonization. "The geographical sense," he wrote, "makes possible the construction of various kinds of knowledge, all of them in one way or another dependent upon the perceived character and destiny of a particular geography" (1994, 78).

In this essay, we draw on Said's insights into the process of decolonization to speculate on ways in which geography and geographic knowledge in newly independent Ireland may have been shaped by this perceived character and destiny. In doing so, we are inspired by a comment in one of Said's final essays, written as an afterword to an edited volume on Ireland and Postcolonial Theory. Said wrote that "nationhood after decolonisation has also brought a whole roster of new problems to be encountered, all of them in one way or another connected inevitably to the prior distortions of colonialism" (2003, 179). We argue that whereas the nationalist imperative that pervaded independent Ireland was exclusive and reactionary, constructing Britain as the dominant "Other," the construction of academic geography in post-colonial Ireland virtually avoided any involvement with the nationalist agenda. There were heated debates about the production of geography school texts, but practices of academic geography showed more continuity with the colonial past, emphasizing geomorphology, commerce, and especially historical geography. For the founders of the discipline, the "perceived character and destiny" of the country was— implicitly or explicitly—that of John Bull's Other Island.

L'influence d'Edward Saïd sur la théorie culturelle littéraire et historique de l'Irlande postcoloniale est importante. Les théoriciens comme Seamus Deane, Declan Kiberd et Luke Gibbons se sont pleinement inspirés de l'œuvre de Saïd pour clarifier et questionner les manières dont la colonisation et la décolonisation ont opéré dans le contexte irlandais, en particulier au travers de textes littéraires et historiques. Par contre, les géographes irlandais ont été lents à s'intéresser aux implications de l'œuvre de Saïd pour la construction de la connaissance géographique, en dépit de l'intérêt flagrant que Saïd a porté à l'intersection de la géographie, du colonialisme et de la décolonisation. « Le sens géographique, » écrit-il, « rend possible la construction de différentes sortes de connaissance, toutes dépendantes, d'une manière ou d'une autre, sur la personnalité et la destinée présumées d'une géographie particulière » (1993 : 78).

Dans cet essai, nous partons des idées de Saïd sur les processus de décolonisation pour discuter des façons dont la géographie et la connaissance géographique dans une Irlande nouvellement indépendante auraient été façonnées par sa personnalité et sa destinée présumées. Pour ce faire, nous nous sommes inspirées d'un commentaire dans un des derniers essais de Saïd, écrit pour la postface de Ireland and Post-colonial Theory. Saïd écrit que « la nation après la décolonisation a introduit tout une gamme de nouveaux problèmes à confronter, tous inévitablement liés d'une façon ou d'une autre aux distorsions antérieures du colonialisme » (2003, 179). Nous avançons que bien que l'impératif nationaliste qui prévalut dans l'Irlande indépendante eut été exclusif et réactionnaire, construisant la Grande-Bretagne comme l'« Autre » dominant, la construction de la géographie universitaire dans l'Irlande post-coloniale a quasiment évité toute complicité avec l'agenda nationaliste. Il y a certes eu des débats houleux sur la production de livres de géographie scolaire, mais les pratiques de la géographie universitaire ont montré une continuité certaine avec le passé colonial, insistant sur la géomorphologie, la géographie commerciale, et surtout la géographie historique. Pour les fondateurs de la discipline, « la personnalité et la destinée présumées » du pays était— implicitement ou explicitement—celle de L'Autre Ile de John Bull.

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