Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 14 Mar 2011

Importing Problems: The Impact of a Housing Ordinance on Colombo, Sri Lanka

Page Range: 61 – 76
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.8.1-2.0q47414r11lk1746
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Edward Said exposes how the U.S. stereotype of the Orient is constructed, hegemonized, and reproduced. The cities that the scholars talk about, the administrators administer, and the planners plan are also perceptions. This article investigates the construction of the perception of low-income areas in Colombo, Sri Lanka, as problems by its British colonial authorities in the 1910s–20s. It undertakes the cultural "unpacking" of this continuing colonial discourse.

The article focuses on how the "concrete" living environments that had existed for many decades were re-presented as problems and as objective knowledge. It addresses a conflict and negotiation between two European groups: the British and British colonial authorities in Colombo. I argue that the tipping point of this transformation was the introduction of the Housing Ordinance of 1915 and that the transformation has more to do with British town planning discourses, of which the ordinance is a part, than with local conditions or indigenous or colonial viewpoints. However, this social production of urban problems must be seen within layers of power stemming from the imperial-colonial structures but mediated by regional officers who varied the practice of colonialism while maintaining the ideology of the "orientalist discourse." It demonstrates that planners and authorities do not have a privileged vantage point to view the city, nor are their positions superior.

Edward Saïd a montré comment le stéréotype américain de l'Orient est construit, hégémonisé et reproduit. Les villes décrites par les scientifiques, gérées par les administrateurs, et aménagées par les urbanistes sont également des perceptions. Cet article examine la construction de la perception de quartiers à bas revenus à Colombo au Sri Lanka, identifiés comme étant des problèmes par les autorités britanniques durant les années 1910 et 1920. Il entreprend de « défaire » ce discours colonial persistant.

Cet article se concentre sur la façon dont des cadres « concrets » de vie qui existaient depuis des décennies ont été re-présentés comme étant des problèmes et des faits objectifs. Il discute le conflit et la négociation affectant deux groupes européens: les Britanniques et les autorités coloniales britanniques à Colombo. Nous montrons que le moment d'inflexion de cette transformation a été l'introduction du Décret sur le logement de 1915 et que cette transformation est plus liée aux discours urbanistiques britanniques, duquel le décret émane, qu'aux conditions locales ou aux points de vue autochtones ou coloniaux. Néanmoins, cette production sociale de problèmes urbains doit être saisie dans le cadre de l'existence de couches de pouvoir issues des structures impériales et coloniales mais mitigées par l'intervention d'agents régionaux qui ont diversifié les pratiques du colonialisme tout en maintenant l'idéologie du « discours orientaliste ». L'article démontre que les aménageurs et les acteurs publics ne sont pas des observateurs privilégiés de la ville et que leurs positions ne sont pas supérieures.

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