Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 11 Mar 2011

Feeling at Home Away from Home: The Pioneering Role of Al-Jazeera and Other Arab Transnational Satellite Channels in the Maintenance and Change of Arab Diasporic Enclaves

Page Range: 1 – 22
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.9.1.dw733g3l8838p218
Save
Download PDF

This article discusses the role of Arab transnational satellite television channels such as Al-Jazeera, Arab Radio and Television (ART), Nile Drama, the Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC), Dubai TV, AbuDhabi TV, Future, the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC), and Al-Arabiya in connecting Arab diasporic communities outside the Arab world with their Arab native countries in particular and the Arab world in general. Such satellite channels, within approximately a decade, not only have become a major force in reporting and disseminating the news but are in reality acting as "cultural anchors" in several areas of behaviour, such as televising Friday prayers and Sunday church sermons as well as showing Westernized entertainment programs. Hence, these satellite channels have simultaneously acted as agents both of cultural change and of cultural maintenance vis-à-vis the host societies. This article explores their role in the creation of a virtual Arab world and the facilitation of crosscultural communication or intercivilizational dialogue in an age of globalization. It is clear that these channels are enabling Arab diasporic communities to feel at home away from home. It is hoped that the host societies will view this as an asset in the adjustment of Arab immigrants and that the disintegration of the physical/geographical borders between nation states will not culminate in a disintegration within.

Cet article traite du rôle des chaînes arabes transnationales de télévision par satellite comme Al-Jazeera, Arab Radio and Television (ART), Nile Drama, Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC), Dubai TV, AbuDhabi TV, Future, Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC), et Al-Arabiya pour mettre en relation les communautés diasporiques arabes situées hors du monde arabe d'une part avec leur pays d'origine et d'autre part avec le monde arabe en général. En moins d'une décennie, ces chaînes par satellite sont devenues non seulement des acteurs majeurs dans la présentation et la dissémination de l'information mais également sont de véritables « ancres culturelles » pour de nombreux comportements, comme dans la télédiffusion de prières du vendredi et de sermons du dimanche ou des programmes de divertissement occidentalisés. Ainsi, ces chaînes ont agi simultanément comme agents de changement et préservation culturels par rapport aux sociétés d'accueil. Cet article examine leur rôle dans la création d'un monde arabe virtuel et leur rôle de facilitateur dans la communication interculturelle et du dialogue intercivilisationnel à l'ère de la mondialisation. Il est clair que ces chaînes permettent aux communautés arabes de se sentir chez elles loin de chez elles. Il est souhaité que les sociétés d'accueil voient cette action comme un atout pour l'adaptation des immigrés arabes et que la l'effacement des frontières physiques et géographiques entre les États-nations ne mènera pas à une désintégration interne.

Abu-Laban, B. 1980. An olive branch on the family tree:The Arabs in Canada. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart.

Ajami, F. 1981. The Arab predicament: Arab political thought since 1967. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ajami, F. 2002. What the Muslim world is watching. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 8, http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring02/ajami.html

Allport, G. 1968. The historical background of social psychology. In The handbook of social psychology, 2nd ed., ed. G. Lindsay and E. Aronson. 1-80. Reading. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

Al-Mirazi, H. 2002. The partition of Iraq and its effect on the election of the Congress. From Washington [MinWashington], 30 October. http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/3F5E793C-495C-4A9A-B97D-B73C641847C7.

Antonius, G. 1938. The Arab awakening. London: Hamish Hamilton.

Arab diaspora. 2007. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_diaspora

The Arab world. 2007. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. http://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world

Atwan, A. B. 2006. View from an Arab newsroom: Terrorizing the Arab media. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 16. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Atwan.html

Auter, P. J. 2004. Meeting the needs of multiple audiences: An examination of the Aljazeera and English Aljazeera websites from the public relations perspective. Global Media Journal 3(5). 04-auter.htm

Auter, P. J. 2005. Identifying with Arab journalists: How Al-Jazeera tapped parasocial gratification in the Arab world. Gazette: the Internal Journal for Communication Studies 67(2):189–204.

Blumer, H. 1954. What is wrong with social theory? American Sociological Review 19:1–10.

Brettell, C. 2006. Political belonging and cultural belonging: Immigration status, citizenship and identity among four immigrants population in a southwestern city. American Behavioral Scientist 59:70–99.

Caridi, P. and Giordana, E. 2002. A smaller Mediterranean? Satellite TV channels and the Arab community in Italy. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 9. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Fall02/Giordana.html

Cherribi, S. 2006. From Baghdad to Paris: Al-Jazeera and the veil. Press/Politics 11:121–38.

Child, I. L. 1943. Italian or American? The second generation in conflict. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.

Christiansen, C. C. 2004. New media consumption among immigrants in Europe. Ethnicities 4:185–207.

Denzin, N. K. 2001. Interpretative interactionism, 2nd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.

El-Nawawy, M. 2006. US public diplomacy in the Arab World: The news credibility of Radio Sawa and Television Alhurra in 5 countries. Global Media and Communication 2:183–203.

Etefa, A. 2004. Transnational television and the Arab diaspora in the United States. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 12. http://www.tbsjournal.com/etefa.htm

Fakhreddine, J. N. 2005. Mirror on the wall: Who is the best commentator of them all – AlJazeera or Al Hurrah? Global Media Journal 4(6). 05-fakhreddine.htm

Gordon, M. M. 1964. Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion, and national origins. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hargreaves, A. G., and Mahdjoub, D. 1997. Salellite television viewing among ethnic minorities. European Journal of Communication 12:459–77.

Hudson, M. 2002. Information technology international politics and political change in the Arab world. Bulletin of the Royal Institute for Inter-Faith Studies 4:11. http://www.riifs.org/journal/essy_v4no2_hdson.htm

Ibrahim, S. E. 2004. Thoughts on Arab satellite television, pan-Arabism, and freedom of expression. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 13. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Fall04/campibrahim.htm

James, L. M. 2006. Whose voice? Nasser, the Arabs, and "Sawt-al-Arab" radio. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 16. http://www.tbsjournal.com/James.html

Kallen, H. 1924. Culture and democracy in the United States. New York: Boni and Liveright.

Kosnick, K. 2004. Speaking in one's own voice: representational strategies of Alevi Turkish migrants on Access television in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30:979–95.

Maguire, K., and Lines, A. 2005. Exclusive: Bush plot to bomb his Arab ally – madness of war memo. Daily Mirror, 22 November.

Mansour, A. 2006a. Television drama and the Arab political reality. Without Borders [Bila Hudood], 18 September. http://www.aljazeera.net/channel/aspx/print.htm.

Mansour, A. 2006b. The tenth anniversary of launching Al-Jazeera. Without Borders [Bila Hudood], 1 November. http://www.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2CA7B508-6D17-4762-A713-CBE4f627924.

Mernissi, F. 2004. The satellite, the prince, and Scheherazade: The rise of women as communicators in digital Islam. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 12. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring04/mernissi.htm

Miladi, N. 2006. Satellite TV news and the Arab diaspora in Britain: Comparing Al-Jazeera, the BBC and CNN. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32:947–60.

Miles, H. 2004. Think again: Al Jazeera. Leeds, U.K.: Institute of Communication Studies, University of Leeds. 97

Morley, D. 2001. Belongings: Place, space and identity in a mediated world. European Journal of Cultural Studies 4:425–448.

Naficy, H. 1993. From broadcasting to narrow casting: Middle Eastern diaspora in Los Angeles. Middle East Report 180:31–34.

Nagel, C. 2002. Constructing difference and sameness: The politics of assimilation in London's Arab communities. Ethnic and Racial Studies 25:258–87.

Nagel, C., and Staeheli, L. A. 2004. Citizenship, identity and transnational migration: Arab immigrants to the United States. Space and Polity 8(1):3–23.

Napoli, J. 2002. Grappling with Islam: Covering Islam in Egypt. Religion in the News 1(1). vol5no1.htm

Plunkett, J. 2005. Bush claim revives Al-Jazeera bombing fears. Guardian Unlimited, 23 November. 8,00.html

Rafeedie, F. 1983. Review of Benedict Anderson, Imagined communities: Reflection on the origin and spread of nationalism. http://socrates.berkeley.edu/∼mescha/bookrev/Anderson,Benedict.html

Reporters Sans Frontières [RSF]. 2006. Al-Jazeera's decade paying price for outspokenness. Press release, 1 November. http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/wO0611/s0021.htm

Roald, A. S. 2003. Polygamy on the air: Reaction to the Egyptian TV serial al-Hajj Mutawalli. Social Compass 50(1):47–57.

Rugh, W. A. 2006. New media and U.S. foreign policy. NMIT Working Papers, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 17 May.

Said, E. 2003. Orientalism 25 years later: Worldly humanism v. the empire-builders. The Guardian, 7 August.

Sakr, N. 2006. Development and decision-making in Arab satellite TV. NMIT Working Papers, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 17 May.

Scahill, J. 2005. Did Bush really want to bomb Al Jazeera? The Nation, 23 November.

Schleifer, S. A. 2005. The impact of Arab satellite television on the prospects for democracy in the Arab world. Yale Global Online, 13 May. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=5716

Shohat, E. 1992. Antinomies of exile: Said at the frontiers of national narrations. In Edward Said: A Critical Reader, ed. M. Sprinker, 121–43. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.

Shuraydi, M. 1987. Pan-Arabism: A theory in practice. In Arab nationalism and the Arab future, ed. H. Faris, 95–118. Belmont, MA: Association of Arab-American University Graduates.

Sinclair, J., and Cunningham, S. 2000. Go with the flow: Diasporas and the media. Television and New Media 1(1):11–31.

Tamimi, A. 2006. Al-Jazeera, a media revolution. Guardian. October 25. 006/10/aljazeera_on_its_tenth_anniver.html

Telhami, S. 2004. The Cambridge Arab media project: The media and political change in the Arab world, 29–30 September [Keynote address]. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 13. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Fall04/camptelhami.html

Tibi, B. 1980. Arab nationalism: A critical inquiry. Translated by Marion Farouk-Sluglett and Peter Sluglett. New York: Macmillan.

Vertovec, S. 2005. Migration fundamentals: The political importance of diasporas. Migration Information Source, 1 June. http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display/cfm?id=313

Wahlbeck, O. 2002. The concept of diaspora as an analytical tool in the study of refugee communities. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28:221–238.

Werbner, P. 2003. Theorizing complex diasporas: Purity and hybridity in the South Asian public sphere in Britain. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30:895–914.

Wilmsen, D. 2002. What some of the Arab world is watching. Transnational Broadcasting Studies 8. http://www.tbsjournal.com/Archives/Spring02/wilmsen.html

Zayani, M., ed. 2005. The Al Jazeera phenomenon: Critical perspectives. London: Pluto Books.

  • Download PDF