Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
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Online Publication Date: 14 Mar 2011

Globalization of the Insurgent State

Page Range: 215 – 231
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.9.4.3737212245832326
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Insurgents increasingly encounter asymmetric conditions when challenging individual governments from within their borders. Such circumstances prompted some Islamist insurgents to join al-Qaeda and pursue a supranational insurgency, using Afghanistan as their base. Their actions were part of a spatial process that unfolded in three stages. Stage 1 began in the 1980s as Muslim volunteers travelled to Afghanistan, where they fought beside Afghan mujahideen against Soviet forces. During Stage 2, some of these veterans took part in Islamist insurgencies in their home countries or other parts of the Islamic world. Setbacks during the second stage prompted some jihadists to return to Afghanistan. During this third stage, al-Qaeda members assisted the Taliban in the Afghan civil war while planning and conducting attacks against their adversaries around the world. Despite language differences, Afghanistan and parts of Pakistan proved superior to Egypt, Algeria, and other regions as an insurgent base. Channelized migration patterns enhanced the diffusion of jihadist ideals and tactics throughout much of the Islamic world. In so doing, it led to the globalization of the insurgent state.

Lors de leur confrontation avec les gouvernements dans leurs frontières étatiques, les insurgés rencontrent fréquemment des conditions asymétriques. De telles circonstances ont poussé certains insurgés islamistes à rallier al Qaïda pour fonder une insurrection supranationale, avec l'Afghanistan comme base. Leurs actions faisaient partie d'un processus spatial qui s'est déroulé en trois parties. La première phase débuta durant les années 1980, quand des volontaires musulmans se rendirent en Afghanistan pour se battre contre les forces soviétiques aux côtés de moudjahidines afghans. Durant la seconde phase de ce processus, certains vétérans ont participé à des insurrections islamistes dans leurs pays d'origine ou dans d'autres parties du monde musulman. Des revers subis pendant cette seconde période ont conduit certains djihadistes à retourner en Afghanistan. Pendant cette troisième phase, des membres d'al Qaïda ont épaulé les Talibans durant la guerre civile afghane, tout en planifiant des attaques contre leurs ennemis ailleurs dans le monde. En dépit des différences linguistiques, l'Afghanistan et certaines régions du Pakistan se sont avérés plus propices comme bases insurrectionnelles que l'Égypte, l'Algérie ou d'autres régions. Des flux migratoires canalisés ont consolidé la diffusion des idéaux et des tactiques djihadistes de par le monde musulman. De fait, ils ont globalisé l'État insurrectionnel.

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