Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 14 Mar 2011

Planning a Palestinian Urban Core: The City of Ramallah

Page Range: 242 – 261
DOI: 10.5555/arwg.9.4.tu3j11501l73u627
Save
Download PDF

In 1995, in the wake of the Oslo agreements, the process of establishing a new Palestinian Authority on the road to statehood and a capital city took root. Notwithstanding Palestinian claims to East Jerusalem as its core and capital of the emerging Palestinian state, the city of Ramallah began to transform itself from a district city to national core, gradually developing as the de facto capital of the Palestinian Authority. This article describes and discusses the geopolitical forces and the structural and socio-economic factors that drive and shape the urbanization process and urban growth and that spurred and guided Ramallah's transformation. It also analyzes the planning process for the city, including a number of the planning problems faced in its further development. The article has four main sections. It begins by describing the development of Ramallah area, now a part of metropolitan Jerusalem. The second section discusses and analyzes the implications and consequences of various internal and external factors and their direct impact on the crystallization of the urban fabric of Ramallah. The third section examines the dilemmas and the obstacles faced in the spatial urban planning of Ramallah, a city that developed under circumstances of occupation, amid the dichotomous influences of traditional and modern forces, and in the context of outsider intervention. A final section summarizes the process of developing a master plan for the city of Ramallah.

En 1995, dans le sillage des Accords d'Oslo, les processus de constitution d'une Autorité palestinienne ainsi que d'une capitale furent lancés. En dépit des revendications palestiniennes sur la partie orientale de Jérusalem, le cœur et capitale de l'État palestinien en gestation, la ville de Ramallah commença entre-temps sa transformation, passant du statut de ville régionale à celui d'un noyau national; elle devint ainsi progressivement la capitale de facto de l'Autorité palestinienne. Cet article décrit et débat des tensions géopolitiques et des facteurs structurels et socioéconomiques qui guident et façonnent les processus d'urbanisation et la croissance urbaine menant à la transformation de Ramallah. Il examine également les processus de planification pour la ville, ainsi qu'un certain nombre de problèmes d'urbanisme auxquels Ramallah sera confrontée à l'avenir. L'article est divisé en quatre parties. Il débute avec une description du développement de la région de Ramallah, qui fait maintenant partie de l'agglomération du Grand Jérusalem. La seconde partie examine les implications et les conséquences de divers facteurs internes et externes et leur impact sur la consolidation du tissu urbain de Ramallah. La troisième partie examine les interrogations et les obstacles auxquels est confrontée la planification urbaine de Ramallah, une ville qui s'est développée dans un contexte d'occupation, tiraillée entre les forces de la tradition et de la modernité, tout en étant soumise à des interventions externes. La dernière partie récapitule les modalités en cours pour l'élaboration du schéma directeur pour la ville de Ramallah.

Algube, N., and Bisharah, K. 2002. Ramallah: Architecture and history. Ramallah: Riwaq. (In Arabic).

Brooks, R., Khamaisi, R., Nasrallah, R., and Abu Ghazaleh, R. 2005. The wall of annexation and expansion: Its impact on the Jerusalem area. Jerusalem: IPCC.

Cave, W. R. 1992. Land use planning: The ballot box revolution. London: Sage Publications.

Center for Engineering and Planning [CEP]. 1992. Suggested guideline for comprehensive development. Ramallah: CEP.

Falah, G-W. 2005. Peace, deception, and justification for territorial claims: The case of Israel. In The Geography of war and peace: From death camps to diplomats, ed. C. Flint, 297-320. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Hamdi, N., and Goethert, R. 1997. Action planning for cities. New York: John Wiley.

Ishaq, J. et al. 2005. Impact of the different builtup activities on land use and Palestinian communities in the West Bank. Bethlehem: Arij. (In Arabic).

Khamaisi, R. 1996. New Palestinian cities alongside existing cities. Jerusalem: Floersheimer Institute for Policy Studies.

Khamaisi, R. 1997. Outline plan for Ramallah city. Unpublished final report, Center for Planning and Studies, Kafr Kanna. (In Arabic).

Khamaisi, R. 2003. Understanding the management of codified planning institutions in the Jerusalem district. In The Jerusalem urban fabric: Demography, infrastructure, and institutions, ed. R. Khamaisi and R. Nasrallah, 293–320. Jerusalem: IPCC.

Khamaisi, R. 2004. Challenges for restructuring of local government in a transition period: Palestine. In New challenges in local and regional administration, ed. M. Barlow and D. Wastl-Walter, 155–74. London: Ashgate Publishing.

Khamaisi, R. 2005. Outline plan for north Ramallah city region. Unpublished final report, Center for Planning and Studies, Kaffer Kanna. (In Arabic).

Khan, M. H., Giacaman, G., and Amundsen, I., eds. 2004. State formation in Palestine: Viability and governance during a social transformation. London: Routledge.

Khayat S. 1985. Ramallah and Al-Beireh outline plan 1985. Unpublished final report, Jerusalem. (In Hebrew).

Machsom Watch. 2004. A counterview: Checkpoints 2004. Jerusalem: Women for Human Rights.

Makhool, B., and Ramhi, A. 2005. Economic profile of Ramallah-Al-Beireh metropolitan area. Unpublished report submitted to the Ministry of Local Government, Ramallah.

Maky, A. N. 1997. The relation between the central government and the local government. Comparative study with implementation in Palestine. M.A. thesis. Birzeit University, Birzeit.

Ministry of Planning and Internal Cooperation [MPIC]. 1998. The regional plan for the West Bank governorates. Ramallah: MPIC.

Municipality of Ramallah. 2000. Ramallah: The Bride of Palestine. Ramallah: Municipality of Ramallah.

Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics [PCBS]. 2004. Statistical abstract of Palestine, No. 5, Ramallah-Palestine.

RAND Palestinian State Study Team. 2005. Building a successful Palestinian state. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

Riwaq. 1998. Social and economic revitalization: A case study for the conservation of the historic old town of Ramallah. Unpublished report, Municipality of Ramallah.

Suisman, D., Simon, S., Robinson, C. G., Anthony, R., and Schoenbaum, M. 2005. The Arc: A formal structure for a Palestinian state. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.

  • Download PDF